Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing relevance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a read more promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FA

Carbon nanotubes are remarkable mechanical strength and exceptional electrical conductivity, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. These versatile materials can be incorporated into composites to enhance their strength and durability, utilized in sensors for precise measurements, or even employed in advanced electronic devices. The un